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Citation

If you use Fennel in your research, please cite:

Software Citation

@software{fennel2024,
  author = {Meighen-Berger, Stephan},
  title = {Fennel: Cherenkov Light Yield Simulation},
  year = {2024},
  url = {https://github.com/MeighenBergerS/fennel},
  version = {2.0.0}
}

Parametrization References

The Aachen parametrization used in Fennel is based on detailed GEANT4 simulations. The parametrization development and validation are described in:

@article{Radel:2012ij,
    author = "Radel, Leif and Wiebusch, Christopher",
    title = "{Calculation of the Cherenkov light yield from electromagnetic cascades in ice with Geant4}",
    eprint = "1210.5140",
    archivePrefix = "arXiv",
    primaryClass = "astro-ph.IM",
    doi = "10.1016/j.astropartphys.2013.01.015",
    journal = "Astropart. Phys.",
    volume = "44",
    pages = "102--113",
    year = "2013"
}

Reference: Radel, L., & Wiebusch, C. (2013). Calculation of the Cherenkov light yield from electromagnetic cascades in ice with Geant4. Astroparticle Physics, 44, 102-113. doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2013.01.015

Acknowledgments

  • Development: Stephan Meighen-Berger
  • Parametrization: Based on the Aachen group's work
  • Simulations: GEANT4-based Monte Carlo calculations

If you use specific features, consider also citing:

Cherenkov Radiation Theory

  • Frank, I. M., & Tamm, I. E. (1937). Coherent visible radiation of fast electrons passing through matter. Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. URSS, 14, 109-114.

GEANT4 Simulations

  • Agostinelli, S., et al. (2003). GEANT4—a simulation toolkit. Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research section A, 506(3), 250-303.

IceCube/Neutrino Detectors

If using Fennel for neutrino detector applications:

  • Aartsen, M. G., et al. (2017). The IceCube Neutrino Observatory: instrumentation and online systems. Journal of Instrumentation, 12(03), P03012.

Questions?

For questions about citing Fennel or the parametrization, please: