Citation

If softpaws is useful in your work, please cite the method paper, arXiv:2609.40188.

@article{Meighen-Berger:2026yls,
    author = "Meighen-Berger, Stephan A.",
    title = "{Estimating High-Energy Neutrino Effective Areas from Muon Propagation}",
    eprint = "2609.40188",
    archivePrefix = "arXiv",
    primaryClass = "hep-ph",
    month = "9",
    year = "2026"
}

The entry is updated with the journal reference once it exists.

Citing what softpaws is built on

The results depend on several inputs that carry their own references. Cite the ones your analysis uses.

The earlier analytic treatment. softpaws keeps the drift-diffusion expansion of the same collision operator as a limit and a cross-check of the transport exponent. If you use that path, cite Palmisano, Redigolo, Tammaro and Tesi, The soft volume of ultra-high energy neutrinos experiments, arXiv:2607.13143, and its companion, Exploring ultra-high energy neutrino experiments through the lens of the transport equation, JHEP 03 (2026) 223, arXiv:2507.10665.

The loss coefficients. PROPOSAL supplies the bremsstrahlung, pair production and photonuclear parametrizations the kernel is calibrated to: Koehne et al., Comput. Phys. Commun. 184 (2013) 2070, and Dunsch et al., Comput. Phys. Commun. 242 (2019) 132.

The cross section. Bertone, Gauld and Rojo, BGR18, arXiv:1808.02034.

The Earth model. Dziewonski and Anderson, PREM, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 25 (1981) 297.

The IceCube data. The IceTracks-DR2 release, DOI 10.7910/DVN/MMIIZA, with its paper arXiv:2605.19040.

The atmospheric background. MCEq: Fedynitch et al., EPJ Web Conf. 99 (2015) 08001.

The other detectors' effective areas. KM3NeT/ARCA: Eur. Phys. J. C 84 (2024) 885. P-ONE: the ICRC 2023 proceedings. TRIDENT: Nature Astronomy 7 (2023) 1497, and the 2025 simulation study.